104th infantry division concentration campchemical that dissolves human feces in pit toilet
Conditions were rainy, chilly, wet, and muddy. 104th Infantry Division - Order of Battle of the United States Army The Timberwolves were then assigned to Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group under the British I Corps, within the First Canadian Army, along with the U.S. 7th Armored Division, in order to clear out the Scheldt Estuary and open the port of Antwerp. They are Willy F. James Jr., for scouting German positions while being pinned down by machine gun fire,[39] and Cecil H. Bolton, who led a company of men on the attack despite wounds from a mortar shell. If you discover problems, please advise the Webmaster. The concentration camp prisoners were separated from the forced laborers by an electrified fence topped with barbed wire, and transported to work via a purpose-built railway spur. and there were about thirty corpses piled on the ground awaiting such treatment here, not in America or Russia." As Allied troops moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Nazi Germany, they found tens of thousands of concentration camp prisoners in deplorable conditions. Factory occupied large tunnels underneath a mountain near Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains in central Germany. their war experiences had instilled. men too weak to move dead comrades from their side. 104th Infantry and their discovery of the Mittelbau Dora labor camp; the camp in which prisoners were forced to work on a top secret weapon: the world's first ballistic missile. With a new addendum, the 2014 edition brings to close the NTA and the The History of the 104th Infantry DivisionBy Leo Hoegh & Howard J. Doyle, Sixty-eight years after the original publication of this history, the National Timberwolf Pups Association View the list of all donors. supplementing more conventional means of transport for the relentless push East. The "Timberwolf" division discovered 3,000 corpses lying around the camp and some 750 emaciated, starving, and ill prisoners who had been left behind when the SS evacuated the inmates on death marches. Yet in a short period of two days I and many others of the air-armor and night attack on 11 April. The 104th Infantry Division during World War II allowed to leave the camp and when they became too weak to work, they were "This is what hell must be like" . prisoners were exposed to gas, noise, and the dust of explosions. [8] In 2005, the current Distinctive Unit Insignia was designed under the direction of Major General Terrill K. (TK) Moffett. Sergeant Ragene Farris of the 329th Medical (1) National Timberwolf Association, "Mittelbau Dora Concentration Camp," 104th Infantry Division, http://www.104infdiv.org/concamp.htm (accessed Oct. 10, 2009). His last step had taken him to the edge Deployed during World War II, the division saw almost 200 . He recounted his experience in a 1995 article by Richard Murphy marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Recognition as a Liberating Unit Approximately 60,000 prisoners from 21 nations (mostly Russians, Poles, and French) passed through Mittelbau Dora. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 The 104th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army. [12][13], Housing conditions were particularly bad, because there were no bunks; prisoners had to sleep in a thin layer of straw. Shephard, Ben. accompanied by a horrible dead-rot stench. On April 11, 1945, the 104th Infantry Division entered the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp complex [also known as Nordhausen] in Germany's Thuringia region. east. The camp was liberated on April 11, 1945, by the soldiers in the Sixth Armored. saw them. Downs, Kenneth T. "Nothing Stopped the Timberwolves." news that we were needed to evacuate patients from a concentration camp in one The division was instead centered on three infantry regiments; the 413th,[9] the 414th,[9] and 415th Infantry Regiments. The US Army immediately had the prisoners transported out of the camp so that they could be treated by physicians. These men were dedicated to continuing the spirit of fellowship and teamwork from which http://www.104infdiv.org/concamp.htm (accessed Oct. 10, 2009). spared in the Division were rushed to the scene to give medical aid. It was designed by Charles Livingston Bull, artist and authority on wild life, and represents the northwest. One girl in particular I [7] The conditions were used to motivate prisoners in other subcamps to work hard lest they be sent to die at Boelcke-Kaserne. noticed; I would say she was about seventeen years old. Note: The 104th Infantry Division liberated the camp on April 11, not March 27. experience never to be forgotten by those who passed through it. was huddled up against a dead comrade, as if to keep warm, having no concept [7][5] According to the Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, "it is difficult to describe in words" the conditions in the second garage, where prisoners were left to die. environment of a clean American ambulance. No one else was tried for crimes committed at the subcamp. [11] The barracks was located near railyards and factories, which were considered military targets;[5] Boelcke-Kaserne had not been marked with a Red Cross symbol. When US forces liberated Dora-Mittelbau in April 1945, only a few prisoners were still in the camp. (10) The aftermath of these atrocities were what the Timberwolves were to encounter on April 11, 1945. The width of their front was approximately 8,000 yards. liberation of the camp: I am still amazed today that anyone survived. Malnutrition and disease were rampant, and corpses lay unburied. My legs were tired, weak, and the wound in my leg was raw. During its three-month existence, about 6,000 prisoners passed through the camp and almost 3,000 died there under "indescribable" conditions. with the 3rd Armored Division for a rapid advance of an eventual 375-mile Rows upon rows of skin-covered skeletons For other concentration camps near, Location of Boelcke-Kaserne within Germany, Boelcke-Kaserne concentration camp (Thuringia), SS files list 1,662 deaths between 8 January and 2 April 1945, but this is believed to be incomplete, and does not include those who died in the bombing or around the time of liberation. and the humidity was ninety percent. 4th Brigade, 104th Division (United States) - Wikipedia [23], In 1967, the division was reorganized. - French The article recounts the heroic feats of the 104th as if recapping a college football game. in enormous underground factories the deadly supersonic V-2 rockets. [15] By 7 November, the fighting in the Netherlands cost the Timberwolves 1,426 casualties, including 313 killed and 103 missing. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [4][12], According to Michael J. Neufeld, the atrocities at Boelcke-Kaserne were minimized after the war to protect the careers of German rocket scientists who had worked at other subcamps of Mittelbau-Dora. Among these people are Rabbi Gunther Plaut,[36] paleontologist Charles Repenning, Governor of Iowa Leo Hoegh,[37] New York City mayor Ed Koch, New York governor Hugh L. Carey, judge Perry Shields, and generals John R. Deane Jr. and Bryant Moore. 104th Infantry Regiment (United States) - Wikipedia For the next two days, the Timberwolves pursued enemy remnants north to the Meuse. Reuters, April 10, 1995. the impact of events. had fallen, gangrened and naked. Today, it is known as the 104th Training Division (Leader Training) and based at Fort Lewis, Washington, as a training unit of the United States Army Reserve . According to some accounts, soldiers of the 104th Infantry Division killed German civilians in Nordhausen who denied knowledge of the atrocities, believing that they were partially responsible. Our Timberwolf predecessors in the 104th Infantry Division liberated the Dora-Mittelbau Concentration Camp from Nazi Germany in World War II. Most of the bodies apparently lay untouched since This was the only combat duty that the 104th Infantry Division has served during its history. similar background, on the eye witnessed horror stories of an even more The 104th Infantry Division discovered approximately 3,000 corpses lying around the camp and some 750 emaciated, starving and ill prisoners who had been left behind when the SS evacuated the inmates on death marches. We saw those on a bank who had been cut down by machine guns Casualty figures for the 104th Infantry Division, European theater of operations: The nickname of the 104th Infantry Division, "Timberwolf," originated from the division's insignia, a gray timberwolf. through the years, and point out the tragedy of this minor concentration camp! death had overtaken them, but some were stacked like cordwood under stairways. continued with Easter Sunday and April Fool's Day practically unnoticed. women and children. Hungarian Jewish Businessman Begins Issuing Papers to Jewish refugees, Allied Nations Issue Statement on Mass Murder. Holocaust Remembrance: Story of Liberating Nazi Concentration Camp Their corpses were found by the US Army units that liberated the camp on 11 April. 104th Division (Institutional Training), HQ (to include: Headquarters (less detachment), 1st Brigade, 104th Division, 1st Battalion, 414th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 414th Regiment, 1st Battalion, 415th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 415th Regiment, 3d Battalion, 415th Regiment, 1043d Training Detachment, Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 104th Division, 1st Battalion, 104th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 104th Regiment, 3d Battalion, 104th Regiment, 4th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 5th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 1041st Training Detachment, U.S. Army Regional Training Site, Sacramento, Headquarters 4th Brigade, 104th Division, 6th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 7th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 8th Battalion, 104th Regiment, Detachment, 9th Battalion, 104th Regiment, Headquarters, 6th Brigade, 104th Division, 10 Battalion, 104th Regiment, 11th Battalion, 104th Regiment, Headquarters, 7th Brigade, 104th Division, 1st Battalion, 413th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 413th Regiment, 3d Battalion, 413th Regiment, Detachment, Headquarters, 8th Brigade, 104th Division, 3d Battalion, 414th Regiment, 104th Army Band. In July 1948, the division held its first session of summer training. Nordhausen "became the defining image of National Socialist camp terror" in many parts of the world. Vengeance, was the pilotless radio-controlled aircraft carrying a (3) Camp Mittelbau Dora was established His dozen or so photos from Mittelbau-Dora show rows of emaciated corpses in brutal clarity (inexplicably,. TTY: 202.488.0406, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. US Airman inspecting V-1 factory at Camp Mittelbau-Dora. Each Timberwolf can read between the lines - 104infdiv.org In the building bedded on straw side One Parisian business told This changed after the Main telephone: 202.488.0400 5,000 people and injured 35,000 more. Dying on the second floor were, upon later count, When I answered, he brightened and related that a group human filth. Caggiano, Robert . Photographs and newsreel footage of the camp were reported internationally and made Nordhausen notorious in many parts of the world. As part of an army-wide initiative known as the Reorganization Objective Army Division plan, the division's regiments were disbanded and replaced with larger and more versatile brigades. Prisoners assigned to this duty could draw the rations of the dead. [18] It took temporary command of the 60th Infantry Regiment of the 9th Infantry Division. particularly sadistic attention from the SS Troopers. [21] The division then crossed the Saale River and took Halle in a bitter five-day struggle from 15 to 19 April. Post on August 17, 1946. value, put an enormous strain on the British public. [28] Each of these brigades carried the history of other historic units which fought under the 104th Infantry Division in World War II. . word Nordhausen brought us a mixed response of emotions. National Timberwolf Association. One of the garages held four blocks of prisoners still able to work, for whom conditions were slightly better, but for all prisoners, rations were grossly insufficient to sustain life. In the 19 years since this program was inaugurated, the Museum and the Center of Military History have recognized 35 U.S. Army divisions for their heroism, gallantry, and help in liberating prisoners of gathering at the national reunions, the final Timberwolf reunion was held in September, 2010 and the difficult decision to end the National Timberwolf Association was here in production of V-1 and V-2 bombs*. Boelcke Barracks; also Nordhausen) was a subcamp of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp complex where prisoners were left to die after they became unable to work. Email the Webmaster. fellow infantrymen teamed up with the 3rd Armored Division beating back the Nazis and gaining a 375 mile penetration deep into the heart of Germany. villages like Holzhausen, Niederingelbach, Dalwigsthal, Strasseberbach & The 'Nightfighters' attacked Nazis with empty rifles and grenades through the town to the graves.". Visit . emaciated frames. [6] The concentration camp prisoners were separated from the forced laborers by an electrified fence topped with barbed wire, and transported to work via a purpose-built railway spur. (3) Richard Murphy, "Survivors of V2 Nazi Slave Camp Mark Liberation," Reuters, April 10, 1995, under "The Nizkor Project," http://nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/camps/buchenwald/press/reuters.040395 (Oct. 24, 2009). camp. outright. Private John Galione, a member of the Timberwolves, is credited with finding the labor camp known as Mittelbau Dora, and the secret tunnels which led to the factory used to build the world's first ballistic missiles. [4][7], Beginning in late January, many Jewish prisoners in poor physical condition arrived at the Mittelbau-Dora complex from Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen. SS doctor Heinrich Schmidt was largely responsible for the inhuman conditions. the ground awaiting burial I asked myself, 'Is this what is meant by genocide? Sobered and drained each of us eventually left the area, in the words of a poet 104th Inf Div - RootsWeb The hours were passing. didn't know. Men such as Jack Biolchini felt as though they could not, and should not speak of the atrocities. 'monsieur' very softly, and at my feet, lying as if dead, was a cadaverous man; Screenwriter Paddy Chayefsky also served with the 104th during WW2. [24] The 1st Brigade, 104th Division, activated at Vancouver Barracks,[25] and the 2nd Brigade, 104th Division activated at Pasco, Washington. The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power. . bedsteads, were grotesquely still, yet hanging tenaciously to life's breath. Click here for order form: Medics with patient at Camp Mittelbau-Dora, Corpses at the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp. of them appeared to have been starved to such an extent that they were mere German, we rounded up German civilians on the streets of this Nazi city as we Some female forced laborers deliberately had children in hopes of being sent home; other children were incidentally conceived from careless or violent sexual relationships in the forced labor camps. Aprril 27, 1945 - June 11, 1958, http://www.archives.gov/research/captured-german-records/microfilm/m1079.pdf. Article. attention and salute us as tears slowly trickled down his cheeks. I was exhausted because we had just gotten in from all those miles. Activated in 1942, the 104th Infantry Division landed in France in September 1944, a few months after the Allied invasion of western Europe on D-Day (June 6, 1944). of the history of the 104th Infantry Division & to sign our Guestbook. The 10th Armored Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating a subcamp of . The Saturday Evening Post (August 17, 1946): 20-43. [30] The 7th Brigade, 104th Division activated at Vancouver, Washington. The trial convicted fifteen Dora SS guards and Kapos (one was executed). [26] Meanwhile, the 3rd Brigade, 104th Division,[27] as well as the 4th Brigade, 104th Division both activated at Fort Lawton, Washington. In December, the 104th was forced into defensive positions by German counterattacks, but in March 1945, the division entered the Rhineland and captured the city of Cologne. Heinrich Schmidt and an SS guard were tried in 1947 in the Dora Trial at Dachau for abuses at Boelcke-Kaserne, but they were acquitted for lack of evidence. The The division was ordered into active military service on 15 September 1942 under the command of Major General Gilbert R. Cook, and was reorganized as the 104th Infantry Division at Camp Adair, Oregon. History of Mittelbau Dora | Concentration camp Info@104InfDiv.org. In the stress of one of the great, decisive battles in world history, many of these acts failed of proper recognition. I always thought this was not the end for me.(7). in the camp had been worked, beaten and forced at top speed until they could TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. On the afternoon of 3 April and again the next day, the Royal Air Force bombed Nordhausen; the sick barracks was nearly destroyed. fanatical inhuman Nazi machine. They died like flies.(9). Mr. Downs certainly gives us a glowing account of the Timberwolves' bravery and military prowess, but nowhere in the article does he describe the 104th Division's role in liberating camp Mittelbau Dora, or the horrific of the 104th Division Timberwolves who were there and witnessed that In November, the unit was already approaching the German city of Aachen. (12) Robert Caggiano, "Mittelbau Dora Concentration Camp ? [5][7] The camp commander was SS-Obersturmfhrer Heinrich Josten[de; pl; sv], who had previously worked at Auschwitz, and the deputy commander was SS-Hauptscharfhrer Josef Kestel[ja; de; pl; sv], previously a functionary at the Dora camp. as a top secret satellite camp of Buchenwald in 1943 after British bombers destroyed the main missile research base at Peenemuende on the Baltic Coast. (13) "United States of America v. Kurt Andrae et al. bearers and medical technicians as well as any other men available from duties The trial also addressed the question of liability of Nordhausen scientists, who were then When my great-uncle liberated a Nazi concentration camp The 104th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit by the US Army's Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988. considerably more so on this writer. There were others, in dark cellar rooms, lying in disease and filth, Note: The 104th . beginning of the National Timberwolf Pups Association . More than a thousand prisoners were killed during the bombing of Nordhausen by the Royal Air Force on 34 April 1945. [14] That same day, General Allen received orders from the U.S. First Army, releasing it from Canadian control. A large number of Jews were to come later as the camps in the East were being emptied and slave labor was needed in manufacturing camps such as (15) The men of the 104th certainly must have agreed. Although there were toilets, they did not work for lack of water, and many prisoners were unable to move. work on longer, after which they were starved off or killed on to direct the U.S. Space Program. "Mittelbau Dora Concentration Camp - Stanley Dunn." Comments? Moisture seemed to grip everything and everyone. The 104th began combat operations on 25 and 26 October and began to attack the Germans, who offered varying levels of resistance. were scattered throughout the buildings and grounds of the large camp and all evident almost immediately that our few medics could not evacuate hundreds of The overall outlook changed to one of personal hatred and loathing of anyone wearing the German uniform.(12). [4][7], On 2 April, 3,000 prisoners were transported to the Mittelbau main camp and to Ellrich, a subcamp of Mittelbau. Only later I thought of what I had seen. Search the Holocaust Encyclopedia. V-bomb factory was discovered. scene. Angela Fiederman, a staff member at the Mittelbau Dora memorial site stated: Until the spring of 1944 the prisoners lived underground. acquitted.(13). The former soldiers of the 104th Infantry Division, bound together by common memories 8 September, 1944.). One hunched-down French boy The Americans were given responsibility for taking 22 miles of wet, low country from the Belgian border to the Meuse (Maas). [23] In 1961, the division was relocated to Vancouver Barracks, Washington. The Journey of Private Galione 415B Liberator of Mittelbau Dora, Concentration Camp Nordhausen, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=104th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&oldid=1147028721, Infantry divisions of the United States Army, United States Army divisions during World War II, Military units and formations established in 1921, Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II, Training divisions of the United States Army, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Nothing in Hell can stop the Timberwolves". (2) Mary Galione-Nahas, The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power, (Washington: Pleasant Word Press 2004). and torture. There are those who now maintain that Hitler's holocaust It is primarily responsible for Combat Service Support training for soldiers entering the Ordnance Corps and other related fields. No workers had ever been explosives were placed: "When the explosives were set off, prisoners had to start clearing up immediately. The 104th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army. [5] Daily trains shuttled between Dora and Boelcke-Kaserne, bringing incapacitated prisoners and removing the corpses for cremation at Dora. There was also a Gestapo-run Sonderlager ("special camp"), and other forced labor camps nearby, but these were not part of the Mittelbau-Dora complex. Private when the 104th arrived. Montgomery and the Canadian commanders sent their congratulations, and General Allen disseminated copies of their letters to his regiments and wrote a personal letter of thanks to everyone in the division, concluding with his favorite motto, "Nothing in Hell must stop the Timberwolves!" More than 3,000 prisoners were forced into an area of only 1,800 square metres (19,000sqft). 193-mile segment from the Rhine to Paderborn had taken only nine days with Nor did it Bombs had ground A few men were able to walk on their [5] Prisoners called it a "living crematorium" (German: lebendes Krematorium). What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Washington, DC 20024-2126 tunnels approximately fifty feet in width and height, connected laterally by 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Would that it was possible to take the doubters by the hand, back The 104th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit by the US Army's Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988. From the 104th Training Division (LT) Commander On March 1, 2013 the formal organization of the National Timberwolf Association ended and although the formal structure no longer exist, the legacy and traditions The sanitation was totally inhumane. At the end of the fighting on 7 May 1945 (V-E Day), this division was in central Germany opposite the troops of its allies from the Soviet Army. [10] On 1 April, there were 5,700 prisoners in the camp; the death rate approached one hundred per day. In December, the 104th was forced into defensive positions by German counterattacks, but in March 1945, the division entered the Rhineland and captured the city of Cologne. might be saved. horrors of war, but nothing could prepare them for what they would encounter upon liberating the concentration camps Hitler had created with the goal of exterminating those "unworthy of life". Nordhausen, home of the Mittelbau-Dora In November, the unit was already approaching the German city of Aachen. (10) Mary Galione-Nahas, The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power, (Washington: Pleasant Word Press 2004). The corpses penetration deep into the heart of central Germany. The Timberwolf division made contact with the advancing Soviet armed forces at the end of the month. The division reports back to headquarters that it has uncovered a large concentration camp near the town of Nordhausen. They were determined that the Jews who had escaped death in the extermination camps would experience the most physically punishing We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. [7] Some were not concentration camp prisoners, but forced laborers who could no longer work. I was accosted by a less emaciated prisoner who asked history of the 104th Infantry Division, Timberwolf Tracks , relates words of a poet a sadder but wiser man.(16). walking into a world apart and returning to bring these shadow-men into the 8th, 71st, 89th, 99th, and 104th Infantry Divisions, along with the 82nd Airborne Division. Boelcke-Kaserne concentration camp - Wikipedia I learned that he Washington: Pleasant Word Press 2004. The Galione-Nahas, Mary. Of these, 20,000 had died from various This comes as no surprise. of the male citizens of the town were ordered to the camp, where under guard, Survivors of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, located near Nordhausen, Germany, April 14, 1945. 107 prisoners from Buchenwald began work on the tunnels with the intent of expanding the existing storage depot into a secret underground missile 104th Division may refer to: 104th Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China), 1948-1951 104th Division (2nd Formation) (People's Republic of China), 1951-1955 104th Jger Division (Wehrmacht), a unit of the German Army 104th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) 104th Infantry Division "Mantova", a unit of the Italian Army made. The US 104th Infantry and 3rd Armored Division liberated Dora-Mittelbau on April 11, 1945, but found only a few prisoners. The 104th Infantry Division during World War II As Allied troops moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Nazi Germany, they found tens of thousands of concentration camp prisoners in deplorable conditions. (2), Private Galione had indeed found something "big". [19] Since 1974, there has been a memorial at the site. to do. in trying to escape the fury of the guards. [12] He had previously commanded the 1st Infantry Division, "The Big Red One", in North Africa and Sicily and would command the 104th during most of its time in combat. The "Timberwolf" division discovered 3,000 corpses lying around the camp and some 750 emaciated, starving, and ill prisoners who had been left behind when the SS evacuated the inmates on death marches. (5), August of 1943 saw the arrival of first prisoners at camp Mittelbau Dora. - showing him the first kind act in years. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Along the division's front, the Germans were spread thinly and did not have continuous lines of defense. Their rapidity the long to be remembered and heart gripping story from first-hand accounts: "In Nordhausen the Division According to some accounts, soldiers of the 104th Infantry Division killed German civilians in Nordhausen who denied knowledge of the atrocities, believing that . They never failed to attain an objective on schedule. It was in. Men lay as they starved, discolored, and lying in indescribable with our own wounded. (4) The V2 was developed by Wernher von Braun, who after World War II went In closing, a quote from Leon Karalokian of the 104th Signal The 104th Infantry Division formally activated with ceremonies at Camp Adair, Oregon. The 104th Infantry Division during World War II In October 1944, the SS made Dora-Mittelbau an independent concentration camp with more than 30 subcamps of its own. After fierce fighting in the Ruhr pocket, it advanced into central Germany and took the Prussian university town of Halle on April 19. The 104th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp in 1945. The Liberation of the Nazi Concentration Camps - WWII Memorial. Friends
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