why was henry vii called the winter king

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The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Pembroke Castle, birthplace of Henry VII [ JKMMX ] [ CC BY-SA 3.0 ]. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. This definitely was not that. Henry was a remarkable man. It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. "King Henry VII" redirects here. Henry VIII was spring and Henry VII was winter. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. Get help and learn more about the design. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. It was really very well researched and painstakingly written. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. Both were survivors and as united in death as in life, as their tomb in Westminster Abbey illustrates. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. MP3 CD. Philip died shortly after the negotiations. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. I would read more by this author. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. I really enjoyed it. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It was no easy feat. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. I am glad to say that I think it does, for it concentrates on the reign, and court, of Henry VII, giving a different slant to the well known story. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. 4. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Wolf Hall this is not. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Lincoln was killed in battle and Henry was victorious. [2] His father died three months before his birth. The last few years of his reign were ones of repression. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Corrections? When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. What old December's bareness every where! What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? The purpose of the agreement was to prevent France from annexing Brittany. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. This was excellent. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. [citation needed] [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. 1509. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. This revived an earlier practice of using a small (and trusted) group of the Privy Council as a personal or Prerogative Court, able to cut through the cumbersome legal system and act swiftly. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. He invited artists, musicians and scholars to live at his court. Possession of something the French King wanted also made the Duke of Brittany safer in his own duchy. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me.

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