examples of epithets in beowulf with line numbersheart 1980 tour dates
Although, Read More Themes in The Odyssey: Creation of a ClassicContinue, Artemis Personality and the Paradox of the Virgin Goddess of Mothers Artemis is a goddess who knows what she wants and is not afraid to go after it. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Not exactly the trait of a leader, is it? 29 terms. The character of Wulfgar is one of the local chieftains and he responds to Beowulf using epitaphs to describe King Hrothgar. Brooke makes use of epithets a-quiver and April twilight on the river to describe the anguish and agitation that he himself feels deep inside him. For example, instead of sayingRichard I of England, you can say Richard the Lionheart and people would know exactly who you mean. You may also check out how to write short sentences. These slurs are often created and used by a self-proclaimed dominant racial group of society, as an attempt to remove what they consider as threats to their own privilege and status. In cases like this, one group always demands dominance over the other, and to maintain this superiority and to justify their acts of subjugation toward the natives or racial minorities, they began using insulting terms to make sure that they dont forget where they belong, as they say. Beowulf is once again called upon to defeat the dragon. Expert orators also make use of argumentative epithets. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Example: John Green's The Fault in Our Stars (named after Julius Caesar, another Shakespearean tragedy) features lovers Hazel and Augustus. We are pulled into the poem as readers because of the beautiful descriptions, and Beowulf wouldnt be the same if he was always called only by his name. An epithet is a word or phrase used in place of the name of a person. Beowulf-Epithets/Kennings. Another character who is referred to using an epithet includes Unferth, who initially is presented as an antagonist who doubts Beowulf's ability to defeat Grendel, but later offers support by lending Beowulf a special sword, Hrunting, to be used in the battle against Grendel's mother. His praise of God reflects Christian values. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Mrs. Johnson has a bachelors degree in psychology, and masters degrees in teaching and business administration. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. /AIS false The speaker is amongst a group of worn out soldiers, who after a spell at the front, are striding precariously towards safety when they are unexpectedly attacked by chlorine gas. But dont confuse every adjective as an epithet. f4"b7rH#`sA@y^M4R[ \?Rq6D; SZU'OwLM!|>#? 0Nq7)s_Ew{{R1IN=.`%F@4 10 Examples of Alliteration in Beowulf. The bleeding sinews deep in his shoulders snapped, muscle and bone split and broke. 7) (If you are familiar with the god Thor, he is also sometimes called Thor Odin-son, Odin being his father.) PPT Poetic Devices in Beowulf PowerPoint Presentation ID976327 from www.slideserve.com. Beowulf: The Geatish hero: Beowulf: Lord of the seamen: Grendel: Midnight stalker . Example: "God must decide who will be given to death's cold grip" (Beowulf 174-175). Eadgils and Eanmund Ohthere's sons, Swedes. If you are acquainted with Greek mythology, you must have deduced by now that it is replete with many epithets. Subscribe now. Grendel's mother acts as a relative should, seeking revenge. An epithet is a descriptive phrase that is used to describe a person, place, or item. The soldiers are in the trenches in the front line in France. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. They are two cancer patients who must make the most of the time they have left. Beowulf stands for good and Grendel, his mother and the dragon stand for evil. An epithet, in which a person is identified and defined by some quality or trait, appears in the phrase Eternal Lord, which is more precisely descriptive than God would have been. Epithets are an important part of every literary piece. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. /Producer ( Q t 4 . You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Radagast is the Brown, Gandalf is the Grey, and Saruman is of Many Colours. This scene has some significance to it since Gandalf eventually reemerges as the White, showing how his powers have increased. The poet is acknowledging that the characters have pagan values, while also suggesting that true hope comes from God. The poet introduces Christian doctrine very early in the poem, when Hrothgar and his noble Danes are desperate to rid themselves of the monster Grendel. You may also like compound sentences examples. But they can also be enclosed in quotation marks when inserted between first and last names, such as Elvis the King Presley. You may also check out independent clause examples. The epithet indicates a couple whose future is ill-fated or meant to fail. Thus, he was given this coat as armor. He is described as unfortunate, being forced to perform in front of men who wish to steal the kings throne and wife. << Your main goal, after all, is to drag people into the world you have created and not to push them away from it just because youve made an erroneous technical decision. However, what is known is how this epic poem written between 975 and 1025 in Old English, taking place in Scandinavia around the 6th century. /CA 1.0 /Width 625 An epithet is a descriptive phrase used to communicate a characteristic intended as a comendation about an individual. For ten long days they made his monument, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. doom here, eternal judgment. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Epithets also describe politicians. An epithet is a descriptive word or phrase taking the place of the actual name, almost like a new title. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. 8 . A few stock epithets that are used throughout the poem include ''shield-bearing Geat'' to refer to Beowulf, ''fiend out of Hell'' and ''Cain's clan'' to refer to Grendel, ''prince of the. You can view our. All rights reserved. (Look back to history and count how many notable Henrys ever lived. The large list of epithets tell us just how widely beloved and adorned King Hrothgar is. Owen wrote the poem during his military service. You may also check out different types of transitional phrases and sentences. ''Beowulf the Geat'' is another epithet that reflects a common method used during the period which includes the name of the individual and their place of birth. You may also see examples of onomatopoeia in sentences. Can someone please help with some ideas as to how you would go about making a epithet about yourself based off of Grendel. section, Line number: 475-476 END! You might be interested in examples of assonance. For you have come, and that was all the purpose of my message. Beowulf makes frequent use of kennings, which add life and zest to this epic poem. Beowulf defeats Grendel by tearing his arm off. Epithet in Beowulf is an extra description given to the verses of the poem to add further imagery to the story. Beowulf is speaking these words as he nears the end of his life, after he has defeated the fiery dragon who guarded an ancient hoard of treasure. Rather than saying sail the ocean, the poet uses the term swans road, implying that Beowulfs journal will be easy, graceful, and untroubled. 1 0 obj His characters will do it for him. King Harald himself also gained epithets of his own. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. It would be hard to think of a better example of ironic understatement. All such great people who have been given the highest regard by blessing them with a name and a title with which anyone in the world will recognize as theirs. epithet examples in beowulf Notre slection d'articles. Epithets were the solution for this. Beowulf Name Cameron Rose McGowan Study Guide Directions: As you read Beowulf, keep track of examples of the following epic conventions in the text. Take a look at many of the epithet examples and which character or place theyre describing: (These examples all come from Seamus Heaneys translation of the poem). Epithets for Beowulf include ''son of Ecgtheow,'' which reflects a common method of referring to individuals using the father's or family name during the time period. Continue to start your free trial. In Tolkiens world, every wizard has his own color. "What are some examples, with line numbers, of alliteration, hyperbole, litotes, kennings, and epithets in the Old English poem Beowulf?" God-cursed brute. . He refers to the doomer pair to whom he blessed a most tragic death as star-crossd lovers.. An example of Beowulf's pride is on lines 1758 - 1760. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? The fact that he is later able to fit himself inside the hall suggests that the poet may be engaging here in a bit of hyperbole, although some other explanation may also account for this phrasing. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? the hall of halls. These epithets for Grendel highlight his strength and demonstrate the Danes' perception of fear towards Grendel. Turn, hell-hound, turn - Macduff to Macbeth in Macbeth c. Fair Ophelia in Hamlet Epithet Worksheets By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Shakespeare epithets: a. Star-crossed lovers -describes Romeo and Juliet in "Romeo and Juliet" b. >> The sword, Hrunting, that was given to Beowulf by Unferth is described as ''the icicle of blood.'' March 4, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 >> By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. King Harald inherited the titles of his father Halfdan the Black and swore an oath not to cut or comb his hair until he had become sole king of Norway. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Kennings- Beowulf. They had a feud with their uncle, Onela, and were temporarily sheltered by Heardred. She is reclusive but also fiercely defensive of the maidens, pregnant, Read More Artemis Personality, Character Traits, Strengths and WeaknessesContinue, Singer for both humans and the Divine, Phemius in The Odyssey, is a self-taught player of the lyre specializing in songs of sorrow. What is a short summary of the epic poem Beowulf? in place of Grendel's name: "the Almighty's enemy" or "sin-stained demon" stock epithet - adjectives that point out special traits of people or things examples of enjambment in beowulf. Epithets are poetic devices that are used to help the rhythm and flow of a poem by providing the author with different options for varying syllables for commonly referred to entities within the poem. SparkNotes PLUS 9+ Infinitive Phrase Worksheets and Examples, complex sentences definition and examples, parallel sentences structure and examples, different types of transitional phrases and sentences, examples on how to write a sentence outline, Fused Sentence Examples and Corrections. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. can be found on line 273, the Shepherd of evil. . You may also like examples of assonance for kids. . A racial epithet is either a word or a phrase that is used to insult a person by referring to his race, skin color, or religion in a negative manner. So she punished that mortal by turning her into a spider, simply because she was blessed with such a talent that it can rival that of a goddess. From forth the fatal loins of these two foesA pair of star-crossd lovers take their life;Whose misadventured piteous overthrowsDo with their death bury their parents strife., The prologue to William ShakespearesRomeo and Juliet contains an interesting example of an epithet. Even though these are slightly different literary tools, their purpose is very similar. Download. You may also check out noun clause examples. They tend to give epithets to superheroes. A few stock epithets that are used throughout the poem include ''shield-bearing Geat'' to refer to Beowulf, ''fiend out of Hell'' and ''Cain's clan'' to refer to Grendel, ''prince of the Shieldings'' to refer to King Hrothgar, and ''the hall of halls'' to refer to the mead hall. He realizes it comes with a price. Star-crossd is a descriptive term that Shakespeare coined solely to describe the classic love of Romeo and Juliet. Though this example isnt as obvious or as literal as the other examples weve discussed, this, too, is considered an epithet. Or if you put Charles the Fat alongside Charles the Bald, the common name will not confuse your audience since the accompanying epithet will help them know exactly who you mean. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Epithets, in the common mans language, was just a form of glorified nickname that can be used to represent a persons style, artistic natures, and even geographical reference. Beowulf is a heroic warrior and is based on characteristics of the warriors of the time. The readers can know a little bit more about them than if the poet just used their names. << He calls it a great sweet mother, snot-green sea, and scrotum-tightening sea., My restless blood now liesa-quiver,Knowing that always, exquisitely,ThisApril twilight on the riverStirs anguish in the heart of me . .%4|!D4j71;yATR >r_Xtq>?$[#d8,16'sVub There are many versions and translations of this poem, and its become one of the most important works of literature for the western world. .. Instead of rhyme unifying a poem, the Anglo-Saxon poet used alliteration to connect the narrative structure of the epic. Take a look at the main points about Epithets in Beowulf covered in the article above: Epithets in Beowulf are peppered throughout the famous poem, for characters, places, and things. /SA true the part of a taxonomic name identifying a subordinate unit within a genus. We know that misery cannot actually "leap." The poet means that the story of Hrothgar's misery. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Why is Beowulf important as a work of literature? The latter can be especially recognizable when its function is largely decorative, highly unlike an adjective which is placed beside a noun for a purpose. He was known as Harald Tangle-hair, quote an unflattering name. The character Unferth, is called Unferth, son of Ecglaf on page 82 and, Unferth, murderer of brothers on Page 104. examples of enjambment in beowulf. His contemporary Margaret Thatcher is known asThe Iron Lady.German leaderOtto von Bismarck is calledthe Iron Chancellor, while his successful successor Adolf Hitler is aptly namedDer Fuhrer orthe Leader. In the modern world, the real one in which we live in today, musicians are given epithets too. There are different types of epithet depending on how they were used. Epithets are used in beowulf to refer to characters and common objects. So let us read ahead about the life of Polydectes and all the drama it, Read More Polydectes: The King Who Asked for Medusas HeadContinue, Heracles vs Hercules is a debate that has been very popular among the Greeks and the Romans. The story takes place in the 6th century in Scandinavia, and it is about the famous, brave warrior named . Radgast the Brown! laughed Saruman, and he no longer concealed his scorn. Beowulf is not from Denmark, but Geatland, and he becomes king of this land many years after he kills his first monster. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! A stock epithet example would be something like a stout-hearted warrior. But a kenning is a compound word or phrase that replaces the word entirely. . Hitler is known until today as theDer Fuhrer or the leader. Alliteration, which generally involves the repetition of initial consonant sounds, appears, for instance in the final quoted line, especially in the words Cain and committing and in the phrase got no good. Alliteration is by far the most common strylistic trait of Old English verse. .. Which is why it doesnt come as much as a surprise that the people of today, both real and imaginative, have gained epithets for themselves. (including. You may also like complex sentences definition and examples. and theme. Owen uses techniques to show strong images to show the physical state of the soldiers in the First World War. Thus, terms that refer to the alleged characteristics of a race to describe a person are known as racial epithets. What time thegray-fly winds her sultry horn,Blind mouths!that scarce themselves know how to hold.A sheep-hook, or have learnd aught else the leastThat to the faithful herdsmans art belongs!. An epithet can be used to describe a person, place, or item. Grendel does ___ die in Herot, he escapes to his ___. The reason is that all the characters stay almost the same from the first to the last, representing either good or evil such as Beowulf, Grendel, the dragon, Hygelac, and Hrothgar. Hrothgar is speaking to Beowulf after the hero has killed not only Grendel but also Grendels mother, thus saving Hrothgars kingdom twice. Of course, epithets are a stylistic decision. 5) Ecgwela a former Danish leader. 83) In fact, Grendel gives himself the epithet, Ruiner of Meadhalls, Wrecker of Kings! (Pg. All she wants is to avenge the death of her son killed by Beowulf. Take a look at Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Epithets were also used to refer to weapons in Beowulf. Epithet Examples in Beowulf Beowulf has plenty of epithet examples for the characters and places. Thalatta! The Battle with Grendel: Examples of Kennings in Beowulf With Line Numbers. Therefore, destroyers of eagles' hunger is an epithet that carries positive connotations as it refers to the warriors who will be victorious in battle and leave many opponents dead for birds to feed on. endobj Litotes often involves irony, and thus the statement that Cain got no good from committing that murder is a perfect example of this stylistic trait. Renews March 11, 2023 Ecgtheow Beowulf's father. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Unferth attempts to cast doubt on Beowulf's abilities by sharing an untrue story about Beowulf entering into an ill-fated battle which led to him being defeated by a sea monster. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Provide the line numbers. Epithets are sometimes attached to a persons name, or it could appear in place of his name as what can be described as a glorified nickname or sobriquet. Radagast the Fool! /SMask /None>> In a way, epithets were a promotion, raising a persons identity in the community by giving him a name that will identify his better qualities. Yet, here we are, recognizing her as the goddess of wisdom. Learn how your comment data is processed. Needless to say, it can be pretty confusing. Of Cain, murderous creatures banished. This refers to the armor that the dragon had made for Geats' king Hrethel. Ronald Reagan has gone down to history asthe Great Communicatororthe Teflon President. ~ i#RM\/HPWjO{6 ojga\J1*#:rn9M_ Examples of Epithets in Literature: 1. . What causes Grendel to attack the mead-hall Herot in Beowulf? A shallow reason, but a reason nevertheless. Yes, this horrible intent is the only driving force that encourages its users to continually utilize such an offensive tool. /Creator ( w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . For example, the Phantom is also known as The Ghost Who Walks, while Superman is called The Man of Steel. Batman and Robin, who are separately and simultaneously known as The Dark Knight and The Boy Wonder, are known together as The Dynamic Duo. You might be interested in bridge sentences types and examples. The word epithet can be traced back to its Greek origins meaning attributed or added. It is considered a byname, or a descriptive term, word, or phrase that accompanies or occurs in a place of a name and that which has entered common usage. Want 100 or more? There are plenty of examples of epithets in Beowulf, and its not just the main character who has them. "Do not give away to pride." Another example of Beowulf's pride One time, she was also a jealous goddess who couldnt accept that a mortal could equal her in weaving, an art she herself invented. It describes the tale and adventures of Beowulf, a young warrior, who goes to help the Danes fight off a monster. %PDF-1.4 Discount, Discount Code Have the epithet tell something about you, or about something from your past. For example, Pallas Athena wasnt always the goddess of wisdom that she is known to be. You might be interested in parallel sentences examples. Beowulf's Band- the people that came with him to Herot. kquDmpz{Cm> 7 Sometimes it can end up there. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. >D##-SS0l1NfN~;>yJzy These help u to give a better idea about him and his actions during the time the epithet is used. She is vicious and ill-tempered. You must read them in the original. An epithet is linked to the noun it is attached to by a long-established usage. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. You may also see exclamatory sentence examples. Teachers and parents! An epithet used to describe a person often includes descriptive words that describe an aspect of a personality or a character trait of an individual. The use of these epithets helps with the flow of the poem by providing the author with phrases. It adds a flowery element to the poem, making it even more powerful and beautiful. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. When European conquerors encountered and defeated the American Natives, they often used words like savage Indians to justify their cruel behavior toward them. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Thalatta! Characters: Beowulf presents static characters. In the oral tradition, the caesura is a break in the line where the speaker pauses. Homer referred to Agamemnon as the son of Atreus. He has also called the ocean the wine-dark sea. Instead of sticking with boring old names, Homer decided to spice things up a bit by being more enigmatic with this names. Explain why you chose the epithet for yourself. Join our Discord server and discuss Literature & Mythology. Despite the good intentions that come with using epithets, there are still some people who see them as nothing but problematic and distracting, and there are three main reasons behind this opinion. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This epithet requires analysis as it implies that the warriors will kill other warriors in battle, leaving bodies behind for the eagles to feed on. In Grendel, many of the same epithets used for the characters in Beowulf are re-applied. Till the monster stirred, that demon, that fiend, She'd brooded on her loss, misery had brewed. Simply put, in poetry, a kenning is when you take two words and combine them as a mild translation or metaphor for something else.So, as you're sitting by the fire one night . Each night, Grendel enters the mead hall and steals King Hrothgar's men, and eats them. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? | 3 Now Hrothgar offers praise to God as well. She enters Heorot and seizes a man, waking the other warriors. /Subtype /Image Take the phrase cloud-gathering Zeus for example. You may also like what is a sentence fragment. How positive invironments support the development of young children learning outcome? Racial epithets are used to dehumanize a person from a minority racial group and make them feel inferior to others. /SM 0.02 Log in here. Hunbogi the StrongThorstein the BlackAudun Halter-dogKetil Flat-noseHrolleif the TallOlaf the RedAlfred the GreatHallgerd Long-legsThora of the Embroidered HandThorir Long-chinLjot the Dueller of IngjaldssandUnn the Deep-mindedGest the WiseBjorn the Easterner. 20% The story of Polydectes and how he ordered Perseus to fetch Medusas head for him is very interesting. You may also check out what is a negative sentence. You Might Also Like. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz He showcases his power, courage, and loyalty by fighting and succeeding. Describe Beowulf's final assault on Grendel. for a customized plan. This is for cases wherein an epithet is used to mean a derogatory word or name for someone or something. /BitsPerComponent 8 Polydectes: The King Who Asked for Medusas Head, Heracles vs Hercules: The Same Hero in Two Different Mythologies, Themes in The Odyssey: Creation of a Classic, Artemis Personality, Character Traits, Strengths and Weaknesses, Phemius in The Odyssey: The Ithacan Prophet, How are the Suitors Described in The Odyssey: Everything You Need to Know. For example, you start recognizing someone as that slender man, or that blonde-haired girl. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. In the poem, there are several epithets that focus on Beowulf as a man and as a warrior. )kk|6 i-) s*$c/2#vOWMq6ln8b@m Tt|9sBfpqia She is our great sweet mother . The primary antagonist in part one of the poem, Grendel, is referred to using epithets such as ''human-killer,'' ''terror-monger,'' and ''bone-crusher.'' The Spear-Danes in days gone by" The line resolves into two basic phrases, "So! They add beauty, imagery, lovely description to the poem, and give us insight into the characters. c) Briefly explain what the author most likely . Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Beowulf and what it means. Beowulf Kennings and Epithets. Kennings are most commonly found in Old Norse and Old English poetry. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Instant PDF downloads. Take a look at these epithets focused solely on Beowulf and what they mean: There are plenty more epithets specifically focused on Beowulf. Some examples are as follows: A monster like Grendel, who comes and kills at night, is called, quite aptly, a. Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him. Epithets will not be invented or continued to be used if they did not have some sort of impact to writing. He is not known as ''face-crusher.'' First, an epithet is a descriptive word or phrase that shows a particular quality of a person. An epithet describing a place or item may include descriptive elements that refer to the physical characteristics of an object or information about the object's use. All one needs to know is how to tell the difference between them, and then it can add to the enjoyment of reading the poem once the difference is understood. Unferth is also referred to using the epithet ''sideways-walker,'' which is used to highlight Unferth's characterization as sneaky and doubting by implying that he does not walk in a straightforward manner, but rather sideways. Latest answer posted August 09, 2018 at 4:10:06 PM. From Aphrodite the Heavenly to Zeus the Protector of Guests, and Johnny Football and King James, the elegance that these epithets have added to these mundane beings and personalities is exactly the reason why it has survived to this day. He is known as. Solvvvvv. An epithet may include the name of the character, while kenning will use words to replace the name of the character. How to Make a Disposable Vape Last Longer. endobj An epithet differs from a kenning, which is a descriptive group of words that are used to replace the name of an individual. You may also see printable homographs examples. A summary of Lines 1008-1250 in Anonymous's Beowulf. A fine example of a kenning, or a complex metaphor, usually linking two nouns, occurs when the poet reports Beowulfs plan to sail the swans road in order to help the beleaguered Danes (200). Due to this sameness, the people felt the need to add epithets as a necessary way of distinguishing people when telling stories about them. Among other things, they are extremely helpful to fill out a half-verse. You might be interested in what is an example of a dependent clause. C q" An error occurred trying to load this video. /Type /XObject A write could choose to use an epithet to describe, for example, the . Take a look at this list of stock epithets in Beowulf: These epithets more focus on the attributes or powers of the thing or person, instead of just giving them a title. The tricky part about Beowulf is that the poem has both epithets and kennings in it, which are two very similar things. Fixed epithets are more commonly found in poetry that involves the repetitive use of a phrase or a word for the same object. Another example of an epithet in Beowulf is dragon-skin coat. Epithets are used to help the reader better understand the characteristics of the entity being described. Culen of Scotland, the WhelpConstantine XI, the Sleeping KingConstantine II of Greece, the King without a CountryChristina of Sweden, the Snow QueenCharles Howard, the Drunken DukeCharles II, the Mutton-Eating MonarchPhilip Sydney, the Flower of ChivalryIvailo of Bulgaria, the CabbageAnund Jacob, the Coal-BurnerRagnar Lodbrok of Sweden, the Hairy-BreechesJohn I of Aragon, the Lover of EleganceIvan I of Russia, MoneybagsConstantius I, the PaleMacbeth of Scotland, the Red KingIsabella, the She-Wolf of FranceIvan IV, the TerribleLouis XVIII, the UnavoidableHugh Capet, Wearing a Cape.
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