ekpe society cameroonheart 1980 tour dates
The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. the exhibition explores the long- These drums are a regional phenomenon; they are not identified with any particular ethnic community, nor with any specific cultural group or initiation club. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. The kp ("leopard") society represents an ancient African institution that provided the supreme functions of governance in the communal societies of the forest regions of the Cross-River basin and the hilly terrain to the east, in what is called today southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Photo by Eli Bentor. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. Iboku, Enwang, Usukakpa and Abayen. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. [32] The Efik having pity on these men gave them food and showed them hospitality. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. 4. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. Social importance is attached to the highest ranks of Ekpe-men, called the Amama. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). The history of the Efik is one of the most documented in subsaharan Africa. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. An entire topic will be dedicated to discussing the Ekpe society and its legacy in the near future. Efik traders could speak, write and read the English language. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Calabar. authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. The masquerade tradition itself is most popular in Calabar and the Oron nation of Udung-Ukko, Mbo, Urue-Offong Oruko, Okobo, as well as the Eket and Uruan local government areas in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, and even western Cameroon. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. The cloth is then dipped in indigo dye and hung to dry. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. Collection of Eli Bentor. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Posted on March 01, 2015 What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. [32] Another theory states that there was a disagreement between an Efik woman known as Abasi and an Uruan woman. Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. You are using an out of date browser. Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as identity. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. [37] The items believed to have been taken include Ikpaya (woven raffia robe), Akata (throne) and Ayang (Broom). In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . AHR ~ 125 [9] The Efik have also been referred to as "Calabar people" in historical literature. The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. In the culture we have discussed, the term dalilu refers to: an individual's personal power, knowledge, or ability, inborn but enhanced and developed through training and experience. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". The Efik Language and Its Future. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected.
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